Frontiers in Marine Science · 2026
Governing the Digital Transition: The Role of Protection and Indemnity Associations in China’s Green and Sustainable Maritime Transformation
Abstract
This paper analyzes the governance function of China P&I Club in green and sustainable maritime transformation, focusing on legal status, environmental liability, digital governance, and international rule participation.
Highlights
Legal and institutional basis of China P&I Club
Environmental liability and compensation mechanisms
Challenges in internationalization and rule participation
Green port coordination and digital governance
Keywords
China P&I Clubdigital governancegreen shippingenvironmental liabilitygreen ports